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For general discussion of dark-skinned people, see Black people.
An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. Many African Americans have a degree of European, Native American, Asian and/or Latin American ancestry as well. The term refers specifically to black African ancestry; not, for example, to white or Arab African ancestry, such as Moroccan or white South African ancestry. Definitively, African American means an American of black African descent. The majority of African Americans are the descendants of enslaved Africans transported from West and Central Africa to North America from 1609 through 1807 during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Others have arrived through more recent immigration from the Caribbean, South America and Africa. Blacks from African and non-African countries are oftentimes referred to by their nations of origin; however in general, the cultural assumption is that if a person is black, native English-speaking and living in the United States, he or she is African American.

Nomenclature


The term "African American" has been in common usage in the United States since the late 1980s, when greater numbers of African Americans began to adopt the term self-referentially. Black nationalist Malcolm X favored the descriptive term "African American" as more historically and culturally defining over "Negro" and "black" and used the term at an OAAU (Organization of Afro American Unity) meeting in the early 1960s, saying, "Twenty-two million African Americans - that's what we are - Africans who are in America." Former NBA player/coach Lenny Wilkens is another who used the term as a teenager in the 1950's when filling out a job application.

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