Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor) (born 21 April 1926) is Queen of 16 independent nations known as the Commonwealth Realms. These are the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. By the Statute of Westminster 1931 she holds these positions equally; no one nation takes precedence over any other. She is the world's only monarch who is simultaneously Head of State of more than one independent nation, with realms in Europe, North and Central America, the Caribbean, and Oceania. In legal theory she is the most powerful head of state in the world, although in practice she exercises very little executive power personally—especially outside the United Kingdom.
She became Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon upon the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952. As other colonies of the British Commonwealth (now the Commonwealth of Nations) attained independence from the UK during her reign, she acceded to the newly created thrones as Queen of each respective realm so that throughout her 54 years on the throne she has been Monarch of 32 nations. Elizabeth II has seen a number of her former territories and realms leave this shared relationship and become kingdoms under a different dynasty, or republics. (See Former Commonwealth Realms.)
Today about 128 million people live in the 16 countries of which she is head of state.
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The Monarchy Today - An in-depth look at the life of Queen Elizabeth II. Part of the official site of the Royal Family.
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BBC: Elizabeth II (1926 - Present) - Queen since 1952, Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
Meta Description: [ Queen since 1952, Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She initially had little prospect of succeeding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII, abdicated in December 1936. Her father then became king and she became heir. ]
Biography of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II - Short biography includes information on all the visits Elizabeth II has made to Canada.
Elizabeth II - Article from Encarta Encyclopedia provides basic information about the life of Elizabeth II.
Elizabeth II - Short biography about the queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1952–).
Elizabeth II: British Monarchs - Biography and photo, as well as articles related to the reign of Elizabeth II. From Britannia.com.
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Kids' Zone: The Queen - Key information about the Queen for children and young people.
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Queen Elizabeth II - Queen of the United Kingdom - Photograph and short biography.
Meta Description: [ Lucidcafé's Profile of Queen Elizabeth II ]
The Queen's Golden Jubilee - Includes news reports, videos, and timeline.
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