A psychologist is a scientist and/or clinician who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of the human behavior and mental processes. Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being clinical psychologists, who provide mental health care, and research psychologists, who collect, investigate and analyze aspects of human behavior.
In the legal context in the United States and Canada, psychologist is a protected professional title. In this sense, the title of psychologist means that the mental health professional has a doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed. D.) in clinical, counseling, industrial, or eductional psychology and has also met state or provincial licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. In most states in the United States and in most provinces in Canada, only licensed psychologists and psychiatrists can legally provide psychotherapy and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform. Most states exempt from licensing school psychologists who practice within employment by a school district - such psychologists must be certified by their state or province department of education.
Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are not physicians; in some countries, they cannot obtain a license to prescribe psychiatric medications. Prescription privileges in the United States have recently begun to change – e.g., in New Mexico and Louisiana. Licensed psychologists generally have academic doctoral degrees (Ph.D.) that are different from the professional degrees of physicians in that they require not only coursework, supervised professional training, and clinical internship but also significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a dissertation. In this sense, the Ph.D. in professional psychology is a hybrid academic/professional degree, and university programs in professional psychology are not only academic but also training programs typically characterized by rigor and intensity. Some psychologists have professional degrees in psychology (Psy.D.) that include similarly rigorous coursework, supervised professional training, internship, and developing the ability to read and interpret academic research, but they do not necessarily require original research contributions to science (although many of these professional programs require an academic dissertation or an equivalent project).
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A Short Biography of Jean Piaget - Learn about this French psychologist. Includes his youth, education, and professional accomplishments.
Bandura, Albert - Includes his youth, education, and professional accomplishments. Details his studies on adolescent aggression, social learning, and the exercise of control.
Meta Description: [ Biography of Albert Bandura ]
Freud: An Overview of His Ideas - Provides information about Sigmund Freud's life and work. Includes chronology, theories, and techniques.
Loftus, Elizabeth F. - Biography and University of Washington faculty page. Includes information on her books about the legal aspect of false memory syndrome, and articles on recovered memories.
Meta Description: [ Elizabeth Loftus homepage ]
Milgram, Stanley - Learn about this social psychologist and his studies of social behavior. Includes books, films, little-known facts, and memorable quotes.
Meta Description: [ The Stanley Milgram website offers the definitive, accurate source of information about the famed social psychologist and his work in the field of obedience to authority. ]
Skinner, B. F. - Autobiography of the behaviorist from youth to adulthood. Includes education, thoughts, theories, published books and papers, and behavioristic views.
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