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'Mitigation' redirects here; for use of that term in criminal law, see extenuating circumstances.
Emergency management (or disaster management) is the discipline dealing with and avoiding risks. It is a discipline that involves preparing, supporting, and rebuilding society when natural or man-made disasters occur. Emergency management is the continuous process by which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards. Actions taken depend in part on perceptions of risk of those exposed. Effective emergency management relies on thorough integration of emergency plans at all levels of government and non-government involvement. Activities at each level (individual, group, community) affect the other levels. It is common to place the responsibility for governmental emergency management with the institutions for civil defense or within the conventional structure of the emergency services. In the private sector, emergency management is commonly referred to as business continuity management.

History and role


In the United States, the Constitution assigns the responsibility of public health and safety with state governments. When an emergency or disaster occurs in a community, the resources of the local governments will be used first to manage the incident. With small-scale incidents, the response of local police, fire, and emergency medical services is usually sufficient. Once the resources of the local government are overwhelmed, the mayor of the city, town, or village will call upon the resources of the state for additional help. Likewise, the Federal government is called upon to act when the resources of local and state governments have been overwhelmed. Governors of the affected states will request a disaster declaration from the President of the United States.

As a result of these foundations, emergency management is often considered a fundamental function of government. The structure and functions of emergency management have developed as government agencies and businesses have continued to search for ways to manage the effects of emergencies and disasters. In the public sector, the primary means of addressing the management of emergencies is accomplished through relevant legislation. The earliest known attempt at providing assistance through legislation occurred when a New Hampshire town was destroyed by a fire in 1803. In response to the fire, a Congressional Act was passed to provide financial assistance to the town. However, significant involvement of the U.S. government in emergency management functions did not occur until the Franklin Roosevelt administration.

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*The Army Navy Superstore. Camping, hunting, military gear, emergency responders, disaster relief. Order it here. http://bit.ly/ylD49
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*The Army Navy Superstore. Camping, hunting, military gear, emergency responders, disaster relief. Order it here. http://bit.ly/ylD49
The Army Navy Superstore. Camping, hunting, military gear, emergency responders, disaster relief. Order it here. http://bit.ly/ylD49
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The Army Navy Superstore. Camping, hunting, military gear, emergency responders, disaster relief. Order it here. http://bit.ly/ylD49
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RT @TheIsmaili: FOCUS recognised for its disaster response and relief efforts in the wake of hurricanes http://bit.ly/4Qdz7J
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RT @TheIsmaili: FOCUS recognised for its disaster response and relief efforts in the wake of hurricanes http://bit.ly/4Qdz7J

 
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