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Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and simplest branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple daily counting to advanced science and business calculations. In common usage, the word refers to a branch of (or the forerunner of) mathematics which records elementary properties of certain operations on numbers. Professional mathematicians sometimes use arithmetic as a synonym for number theory, but this should not be confused with elementary arithmetic.
History
The prehistory of arithmetic is limited by a very small number of artifacts indicating a clear conception of addition and subtraction, the most well known being the Ishango Bone from Africa, dating from 18,000 BCE.
It is clear that the Babylonians had solid knowledge of almost all aspects of elementary arithmetic in ~1850 BCE, historians can only infer the methods utilized to generate the arithmetical results (see Plimpton 322). Likewise, a definitive algorithm for multiplication and the use of fractions can be found in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus dating from Ancient Egypt in ~1650 BCE.
More on [ Arithmetic ]
NYTimes.com "Mammogram Math" by Temple Univ. math prof. John Allen Paulos http://ow.ly/Lwbi #arithmetic
mathbabbler (Gerald Thurman) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 14:33:40 -0000
NYTimes.com "Mammogram Math" by Temple Univ. math prof. John Allen Paulos http://ow.ly/Lwbi #arithmetic
As the smart quote of Sterne - "Algebra is the metaphysics of arithmetic."
Alfreda16 (Alfreda Genovesi) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 13:50:08 -0000
As the smart quote of Sterne - "Algebra is the metaphysics of arithmetic."
says Kadirdir English mo, darling. Nabobo ako sa simple arithmetic mo. http://plurk.com/p/2ytw57
tsaritsa (Czarina) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 12:33:22 -0000
says Kadirdir English mo, darling. Nabobo ako sa simple arithmetic mo. http://plurk.com/p/2ytw57
You and your arithmetic will probably go far...
tiffanyjow (Tiffany Jow) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 10:44:41 -0000
You and your arithmetic will probably go far...
@dghughes I've never yet met an astro-physicist who could do arithmetic..
dadwhowrites (Dad Who Writes) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 10:18:52 -0000
@dghughes I've never yet met an astro-physicist who could do arithmetic..
Arithmetic is being able to count up to twenty without taking off your shoes. -- Mickey Mouse
webgeekcom (web-geek.com) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 10:10:26 -0000
Arithmetic is being able to count up to twenty without taking off your shoes. -- Mickey Mouse
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Abiator's Times Tables Emporium - Automatic flashcard drill cycles through multiplication tables. Choose from three different speeds.
Arithmetic - Java applet offers addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, LCM and HCF practice.
Meta Description: [ This applet helps school going children practice basic arithmetic operations like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. LCM and HCF can also be practiced. ]
Arithmetic Masters - Includes math games for addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
Arithmetic Problems and Exercises for Kids - Games and activities to help kids learn skills such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and place value. Offers a different set of problems each time the page is loaded.
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Aunty Math's Math Challenges for Kids - Features a different math challenge every other week. Provides tips for solving the challenges and an archive of past challenges and solutions. From DuPage Children's Museum.
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Basic Arithmetic - Covers word problems, negative numbers, and estimation.
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Blue Dojo: Number Crunch - Free download or online Flash version of an educational math game called Number Crunch.
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Fraction Tutorial - Practice with equivalent fractions, reducing them, improper and mixed fractions, and the multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction of fractions. Flash required.
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Fresh Baked Fractions - Fresh Baked Fractions is a game to practice simplifying fractions.
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Funbrain: Number Line - Line Jumper is an addition and subtraction game. Offers several levels of play including positive and negative numbers.
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Max's Math Adventures - Practice basic math like counting, measuring, telling time, adding, and subtracting.
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Multiplication Of Decimal Numbers - An interactive page for training multiplication with decimals. User posed as well as computer posed problems can be calculated.
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Multiplication Practice with Puzzle Grid - Practice multiplying 3 digits by 2 digits. Solve the problems; then find the answers in the puzzle grid.
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Practice and Test Your Arithmetic - Tigger Math is software for use by grade school children. Tigger asks addition, subtraction, multiplication and division questions.
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Practise Fractions - Do addition, subtraction, multplication and division with fractions.
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Quia - Multiplication Tables - Multiplication games for numbers one through 12. Includes matching, flash cards, and concentration.
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Room 108 Math - Have fun practicing adding, writing numbers, telling time, counting money, and using an online calculator. Also contains quizzes, games, drawing activities and drills. [Java applets]
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SAT Math Pro - Practice your math by taking these quizzes on topics that include arithmetic, geometry, algebra and data analysis.
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SliderMath - Offers addition, subtraction and multiplication drill games.
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The Number Gym - Fun activities for 5-11+ year olds to improve their mental arithmetic skills and knowledge of fractions and place value.
Time Worksheets - Printable worksheets on telling time, word problems, standardized test problems, and puzzles.
Times Coach - Enhance the learning of multiplication and division for your kids with help of this program.
Vector Kids - Contains well designed games to help students master basic math facts.
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Visual Fractions: An On-Line Fraction Tutorial - Offers instruction and practice in identifying and operating on fractions. Includes four games and a resource page.
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Whole Numbers and Their Basic Properties - Gives short explanations and examples for using place value, comparing number size, finding the greatest common divisor, and math operation rules.
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