Atmosphere is the general name for a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and held fast if gravity is sufficient and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, and thus have very deep atmospheres (see gas giant).
Earth, Venus, Mars, and Pluto have atmospheres that envelop their surfaces, as do three of the satellites of the outer planets: Titan, Enceladus (moons of Saturn), and Triton (a moon of Neptune). In addition, the giant planets of the outer solar system - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - are composed predominantly of gases. Other bodies in the solar system possess extremely thin atmospheres. Such bodies are the Moon (sodium gas), Mercury (sodium gas), Europa (oxygen) and Io (sulfur).
Initial atmospheric makeup is generally related to the chemistry and temperature of the local solar nebula during planetary formation and the subsequent escape of interior gases. These original atmospheres underwent much evolution over time, with the varying properties of each planet resulting in very different outcomes.
More on [ Atmosphere ]

Atmospheric Structure - Describes the temperature and electromagnetic structure of the atmosphere.
Atmospheric Structure - Explains the thermal structure of the Earth's atmosphere.
Meta Description: [ The structure of the Earth's atmosphere. ]
Climate - An introduction to climate. Explains the difference between weather and climate.
Geography4Kids.com: Atmosphere - Looks at the different levels of the atmosphere, how it moves, and how it's changing.
Meta Description: [ Geography4Kids.com! The web site that teaches physical geography and earth science basics to everyone! ]
Layer of Earth's Atmosphere - Interactive activity to learn the differences between each layer of the atmosphere and where atmospheric phenomena occur.
Layers of the Earth's Atmosphere - Tells the names of the levels of the atmosphere, and how come they're there.
The Atmosphere - Looks at different parts of the atmosphere, and has information on what makes up the atmosphere.
The Earth's Atmosphere - Describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere.
Weather Summary - Learn about weather patterns and discover how our climate is changing. Try your hand at being a storm chaser in a hands-on Web activity.
Meta Description: [ Ice, snow, rain, wind, storms--what causes our weather? Learn about weather patterns and discover how our climate is changing. Try your hand at being a storm chaser in a hands-on Web activity. ]
What is Weather? - Explains the difference between climate and weather.
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