The Near East is a term commonly used by archaeologists, geographers and historians, less commonly by journalists and commentators, to refer to the region encompassing the Levant (modern Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon), Turkey, Mesopotamia (Iraq and eastern Syria)). The alternative term Middle East — preferred in political and economic contexts — is not used by Near Eastern archaeologists and historians. An alternative non-Eurocentric designation in recent years has been 'Southwest Asia', although this term has yet to achieve widespread use.
Egypt, although part of the African continent, is generally considered to be part of the Near East region. Its inclusion is due to the substantial interactions it has had with other Near Eastern states throughout ancient, medieval and modern times.

Ancient Mesopotamia - Defines vocabulary related to the study and provides short descriptions of key people and events. Also includes project ideas and printable quizzes.
Ancient Mesopotamia - Provides information about geography, religion, daily life, and clothing. Includes classroom activities and homework help.
Ancient Near East Art - Includes examples of art from ancient Mesopotamia, Babylon, Sumer, and the Indus Valley. From the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Meta Description: [ The Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection contains more than two million works of art ranging from medieval armor and european paintings to the world renowned Costume Institute. ]
Ancient Persia: Cyrus the Great - Introduces the Persian king believed to be the first to become involved in human rights.
Meta Description: [ Website dedicated to Cyrus I who was the first Achaemenian king of ancient Persia. The site shows Cyrus' Bas-relief in Sydney Australia ]
Gilgamesh Study Guide - Tells about an ancient King of Uruk who is thought to have actually existed. Considered the oldest historical story in the world.
History of Assyrians - Details about the Assyrian empire (2400 B.C. to 612 B.C.), which was located mainly between Tigris and Euphrates rivers and was just northwest of ancient Babylonia. Page includes alphabet sample, maps, and demographic information.
Home of the Hittites - Detailed study guide explains who these people were and tells what deities they worshipped.
Mesopotamia - Discover tales of astronomers, merchants, archaeologists, epic heroes and ruthless kings. Explore a palace, the library of an astronomer and the Royal Tombs of Ur; then, build your own ziggurat. From the British Museum.
Mesopotamia - Features its civilizations, cultures and brief timeline.
Meta Description: [ Internet help on ancient world history Mesopotamia empire civilizations including religion, pictures, maps on Sumer, Babylonia, Persia, Hittite, Assyria, Phoenicia, Chaldea, Hebrew ]
Mesopotamia 9000 - 500 B.C - Provides a timeline of the region.
Mesopotamia in the Electronic Passport - Provides information about the Fertile Crescent. Includes, a brief look at its geography, culture, and history.
Meta Description: [ Mesopotamia has been home to many civilizations. Learn about the ]
Odyssey Online: Near East - Tells about ancient life in the cradle of civilization.
The Jerusalem Mosaic - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem offers a readable history of the city by period, with a map for each and photographs and information on surviving historic buildings. English and Hebrew versions available.
The UnMuseum: Tower of Babel - Report on what archaeological and historical research reveal about this tower.
Write like a Babylonian - Tells about the first written language, called cuneiform, which was invented by ancient Babylonians. Displays visitors' names in cuneiform.
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